A proof of GMP square root using the Coq assistant

We present a formal proof (at the implementation level) of an efficient algorithm proposed in to compute square roots of arbitrarily large integers. This program, which is part of the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP), is completely proven within the system. Proofs are developed using the Correctness tool to deal with imperative features of the program. The formalization is rather large (more than 13000 lines) and requires some advanced techniques for proof management and reuse

A Proof of GMP Square Root

Special Issue on Automating and Mechanising Mathematics: In honour of N.G. de Bruijn. Article dans revue scientifique avec comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceWe present a formal proof (at the implementation level) of an efficient algorithm proposed by Paul Zimmermann \cite{Zimmermann2000} to compute square roots of arbitrary large integers. This program, which is part of the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) is completely proven within the Coq system. Proofs are developed using the Correctness tool to deal with imperative features of the program. The formalization is rather large (more than 13000 lines) and requires some advanced techniques for proof management and reuse

Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): a prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study

International audienceBACKGROUND:Whether multiparametric MRI improves the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer and avoids the need for systematic biopsy in biopsy-naive patients remains controversial. We aimed to investigate whether using this approach before biopsy would improve detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in biopsy-naive patients.METHODS:In this prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study, done at 16 centres in France, we enrolled patients aged 18-75 years with prostate-specific antigen concentrations of 20 ng/mL or less, and with stage T2c or lower prostate cancer. Eligible patients had been referred for prostate multiparametric MRI before a first set of prostate biopsies, with a planned interval of less than 3 months between MRI and biopsies. An operator masked to multiparametric MRI results did a systematic biopsy by obtaining 12 systematic cores and up to two cores targeting hypoechoic lesions. In the same patient, another operator targeted up to two lesions seen on MRI with a Likert score of 3 or higher (three cores per lesion) using targeted biopsy based on multiparametric MRI findings. Patients with negative multiparametric MRI (Likert score ≤2) had systematic biopsy only. The primary outcome was the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer of International Society of Urological Pathology grade group 2 or higher (csPCa-A), analysed in all patients who received both systematic and targeted biopsies and whose results from both were available for pathological central review, including patients who had protocol deviations. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02485379, and is closed to new participants.FINDINGS:Between July 15, 2015, and Aug 11, 2016, we enrolled 275 patients. 24 (9%) were excluded from the analysis. 53 (21%) of 251 analysed patients had negative (Likert ≤2) multiparametric MRI. csPCa-A was detected in 94 (37%) of 251 patients. 13 (14%) of these 94 patients were diagnosed by systematic biopsy only, 19 (20%) by targeted biopsy only, and 62 (66%) by both techniques. Detection of csPCa-A by systematic biopsy (29·9%, 95% CI 24·3-36·0) and targeted biopsy (32·3%, 26·5-38·4) did not differ significantly (p=0·38). csPCa-A would have been missed in 5·2% (95% CI 2·8-8·7) of patients had systematic biopsy not been done, and in 7·6% (4·6-11·6) of patients had targeted biopsy not been done. Four grade 3 post-biopsy adverse events were reported (3 cases of prostatitis, and 1 case of urinary retention with haematuria).INTERPRETATION:There was no difference between systematic biopsy and targeted biopsy in the detection of ISUP grade group 2 or higher prostate cancer; however, this detection was improved by combining both techniques and both techniques showed substantial added value. Thus, obtaining a multiparametric MRI before biopsy in biopsy-naive patients can improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer but does not seem to avoid the need for systematic biopsy

Le genre des controverses

Le Dossier analyse des controverses autour du genre et montre les transformations idéologiques et la redéfinition d’antagonismes politiques à partir de dispositifs médiatiques qu’elles impliquent. Un point final est mis aux Échanges sur une sociologie des valeurs. Les Notes de recherche s’intéressent à l’usage des stéréotypes dans la communication interculturelle, à la presse privée égyptienne, à la construction-circulation des cadrages médiatiques de deux groupes d’extrême droite, à l’altération identitaire dans la fiction et à un nouveau modèle éditorial dans l’industrie DVD. En VO, sont étudiés des usages nouveaux des smartphones par des réfugiés syriens en Turquie. Le Focus est mis sur Médiarchie d’Yves Citton et sur La Raison graphique de Jack Goody. Les Notes de lecture rendent compte de plus de 50 publications. This Issue analyses gender controversies and show the ideological transformations and the redefinition of political antagonisms by media dispositifs they involve. The Exchanges on values sociology end. The Research Notes cover the use of stereotypes in intercultural communication, the Egyptian private press, the building and flow of media framings of two right-wing extremist groups, the identity fluctuations in fictional devices and a new publication model in the DVD industry. In Original Version, are examined new uses of smartphones by Syrian refugees in Turkey. The Focus is on Médiarchie by Yves Citton and on The Domestication of the Savage Mind by Jack Goody. The Book Reviews offer succinct overviews and analyses of publications in the field of information and communication